Abstract Background Biomedical literature concerns a wide range of concepts, requiring controlled vocabularies to maintain a consistent terminology across different research groups.However, as new concepts are introduced, biomedical literature is prone to ambiguity, specifically in fields that are advancing more rapidly, for example, drug design an

Understanding the social and ecological consequences of species invasions is complicated by nonlinearities in processes, and differences in process and structure as scale is changed.Here we use discontinuity analyses to investigate nonlinear patterns in the distribution of biomass of an invasive nuisance species that could indicate scale-specific o

Metastatic lung cancer is often diagnosed Cleats at a late stage and is widely known to metastasize to the liver in the Asian population, but the underlying mechanism still remains unclear.Tumour derived exosomes (TDEs) play an important role in metastasis and its contributions to the development of the pre-metastatic niche formation is of utmost i

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and detection of breast lesions and their malignant potential by taking the gold standard of histopathology.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (P.I.M.S.) Islamabad.It was unde